Parasitic fauna of cultivated fishes in fee fishing farm of Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i3.253 / Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pague do município de Guariba, São Paulo, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i3.253

This study describes the occurrence and the seasonality of parasites of cultivated fish from a fee fishing farm located in Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil (21º15`22`` S, 48º18`58`` W and 595 m of altitude), from August, 2001 to July, 2002. The presence of parasites was researched in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae), common carp Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae), nile-tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae), tambacu hybrid (male of P. mesopotamicus x female of tambaqui-Colossoma macropomum) and piraputanga Brycon hillari (Characidae). Results demonstrate that out of 100 fish examined, 15% were sponged for at least one of the following parasites: Trichodina sp.; monogenean helminths; copepodits of Lernaea cyprinacea; adults of L. cyprinacea; or Dolops carvalhoi. In decreasing order, the susceptibility degree of the hosts was C. carpio, P. mesopotamicus, B. hillari, tambacu hybrid and O. niloticus. In decreasing order the reported parasites were monogenean helminths, Dolops carvalhoi, Trichodina sp., adults of Lernaea cyprinacea and their young shapes.

Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência e a sazonalidade de parasitos em peixes de pesque-pague do município de Guariba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (21º15`22``S, 48º18`58``W e 595 m de altitude), durante o período de agosto de 2001 a julho de 2002. A presença de parasitos foi pesquisada em pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae), carpa comum Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae), tilápia-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae), híbrido tambacu (macho de P. mesopotamicus x fêmea de tambaqui-Colossoma macropomum) e piraputanga Brycon hillari (Characidae). Os resultados demonstram que dos 100 peixes examinados, 15% estavam parasitados por pelo menos um dos seguintes parasitos: Trichodina sp.; helmintos monogenóides; copepoditos de Lernaea cyprinacea; L. cyprinacea adulta ou Dolops carvalhoi. Por ordem decrescente, o grau de suscetibilidade dos hospedeiros foi C. carpio, P. mesopotamicus, B. hillari, híbrido tambacu e O. niloticus. Por ordem decrescente, os parasitos encontrados foram helmintos monogenóides, Dolops carvalhoi, Trichodina sp., Lernaea cyprinacea adultas e suas formas jovens.

Effects of a 5% monosulfated glycosaminoglycan and duasorb topic solution on alkali-burned rabbit corneas

Topical effects of chondroitin sulfate, a monosulfated glycosaminoglycan, on the healing of alkali-burned corneas were studied.Forty albino rabbits were divided into two groups (GI and GII, n =20) submitted to corneal ulceration with 3 M sodium hydroxide(NaOH). GI was treated with a topical solution of 5% chondroitin sulfate 4 and chondroitin sulfate 6 and GII was treated with 0.9%physiological saline at 6 hour intervals in both cases. The rabbits were studied over a period of 60 days by biomicroscopy witha slit lamp in order to evaluate blepharospasm, blepharitis, chemosis, conjunctival congestion, ocular secretion, and cornealedema, neovascularization and macula. The fluorescein test was performed daily to monitor the evolution of the ulcers. Theanimals were submitted to eye enucleation for histopathology on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, 30th and 60th day after ulcer induction. Whencompared to GII, GI showed 4 perforations. In the eyes in which no perforation occurred, no clinical or microscopic differenceswere observed between groups, except for ocular secretion, which persisted for a longer time in GII animals. Except for thosewith perforations, the corneas tended to heal, on average, within 30 days. The results permit us to conclude that the 5%chondroitin sulfate solution, when instilled on alkali-burned rabbit corneas did not alter healing when compared to the animalstreated with 0

Chloramphenicol restores the polymorphonuclear accumulation in carrageenin-induced pleurisy in diabetic rats / Succinato de cloranfenicol restaura o acúmulo de células polimorfonucleares na pleurisia induzida pela carragenina em ratos diabéticos

We investigated the effect of chloramphenicol succinate (30 mg/kg, every 12 h for 4 days, ip) on the reduced polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) accumulation in carrageenin-induced pleurisy (150 mug) in diabetic (alloxan, 40 mg/kg, IV) rats (Wistar, males, 180-320 g, n = 12). Chloramphenicol produced an increase (p 0.05) on PMN count in pleural exudate of 36% in normal animals. In the animals non-treated with chloramphenicol the diabetes state reduced (p 0.05) the accumulation of PMN cells by 45%. In diabetic animals treated with chloramphenicol the number of PMN in pleural exudate was similar to the one observed in the control group. Total and differential counts of leukocytes in the peripheral blood were similar between groups before and 4 h after the carrageenin-injection.

Investigou-se o efeito do succinato de cloranfenicol (30 mg/kg, a cada 12 h, durante 4 dias, IP) sobre o acúmulo de leucócitos polimorfonucleares (PMN) na pleurisia induzida pela carragenina (150 mig) em ratos (Wistar, machos, 180-230 g, n = 12) diabéticos (40 mg/kg de aloxana, IV). O antibiótico produziu aumento de 36% no número de PMN (p 0,05) migrados para a cavidade pleural de animais normais. O estado diabético provocou redução de 45% dos PMN (p 0,05) acumulados no exsudato pleural de animais não tratados com o antibiótico. Por outro lado, animais diabéticos tratados com succinato de cloranfenicol apresentaram resposta de PMN que não diferiu estatisticamente do observado em animais controle, não tratados. A contagem total e diferencial dos leucócitos circulantes realizada antes e 4 h depois da aplicação da carragenina não diferiu estatisticamente entre os grupos.

Ectopic osteomyelogenous response to demineralized bone matrix implant in busulphan treated mice / Resposta osteomielogênica ectópica ao implante de matriz óssea desmineralizada em camundongos tratados com bussulfano

Swiss female mice (25-30 g; n = 100) were four times treated i.p. with busulphan (20 mg/kg), with 15 day interval between doses. Blood was collected by retroorbital puncture from treated and non treated control animals (n = 15) for white blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin evaluation, before treatment and on 30th, 60th, 90th days followingthe first dose of the drug. On day 60 both treated (60 survived animals) and non treated (n = 15) animals received intermuscular implant of demineralized bone matrix (DBM-10 mg). All of them were killed 30 days after implant (90th day post busulphan initial dose) for histological analysis of esternal bone marrow (EBM) and ectopic osteomyelogenousresponse to the DBM implant. Thirty days after the first dose of busulphan, leukopenia and drop in the granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocyte numbers were observed. The hematocrit and hemoglobin rate decreased on 60th day. Histologycal analysis of the EBM of the test group showed hypocellularity, sinusoid capilar distention and reduction inmegakaryocyte numbers. Control animals showed 100% positive response to DBM implant with the formation of metaplastic plaques made of bone trabeculae forming cavities filled with haematopoietic cells. 46.7% of the test animals had positive osteomyelogenous response, similar to that of the control groups, except for hypocellularity and more adipocytes; 25% displ

Camundongos Swiss, fêmeas, (25-30 g; n = 100) receberam 4 injeções de bussulfano (20 mg/kg, ip) a intervalos de 15 dias (n = 100). Antes do tratamento e após 30, 60 e 90 dias, os animais deste e de um grupo controle (n = 15) foram avaliados quanto ao leucograma, taxa de hemoglobina e hematrócito por meio do sangue colhido por punção retroorbital. Sessenta dias após o início do tratamento, 60 animais sobreviventes do grupo tratado e 15 animais do grupo controle receberam implantes intermuseulares de matriz óssea desmineralizada (MOD-10 mg). No 90s dia (30 dias após o implante) foram sacrificados para exame histológico da medula óssea esternal (MOE) e da resposta osteomielogênica ao implante de MOD. Trinta dias após o início do tratamento observou-se leucopenia, com diminuição do número de granulócitos, linfócitos e monócitos nos animais que receberam bussulfano. O hematócrito e a taxa de hemoglobina apresentaram-se diminuídos no 609 dia. O exame histológico da MOE do grupo tratado revelou hipocelularidade, dilatação dos capilares sinusóides e redução do número de megacariócitos (50%). Os animais controle apresentaram 100% de resposta positiva ao implante de MOD, havendo formação de placas metaplásicas compostas por trabéculas ósseas contendo cavitações preenchidas por células hematopoiéticas. Em 46,7% dos animais tratados observou-se resposta osteomielogênica semelhante à do gru

Kinetic of vascular and cellular alterations in the carrageenin-induced peritonitis in Gallus gallus. Effect of steroidal and non-steroidal antiinflamatory drugs / Cinética das alterações vasculares e celulares na peritonite induzida pela Carragenina em gallus gallus. Efeito de drogas antiinflamatórias esteroidais e não esteroidais

The kinetic of vascular and cellular alterations in the carrageenin-induced peritonitis was investigated (500 mcg) in Gallus gallus and the effect of the pre-treatment with dexamethasone (0.5; 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg), indomethacin (2.0; 4.0 or 8.0 mg/kg), pyroxiean (20.0; 40.0 or 80.0 mg/kg), given by oral route 30 minutes before the inflammatory stimulus. It was observed that the highest increase in both vascular permeability and leucocyte accumulation ocurred respectively 150 minutes and 4 hours after the carrageenin injection. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were the predominant cell type in the exudate obtained 2 and 4 hours after the stimulus. An equilibriun between polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells was observed with 24 hours of inflammation and the latter cell type was predominant after 48 hours. The pre-treatment with indomethacin and pyroxiean significantly (p 0.05) inhibited the vascular permeability increase but not the leukocytes counts. Dexamethasone was significantly reduced both vascular permeability increase and leukocyte accumulation. These results suggest that eicosanoids have a role in the vascular permeability increase but it is less relevant in the leuchocyte chemotaxis in carrageenin-induced acute inflammation in fowls. The vascular permeability increase and cellular migration are independent phenomena when the effect of antiinflammatory drugs are concerned

Neste trabalho investigou-se a cinética das alterações vasculares e celulares na peritonite induzida pela carragenina (500 mcg) em Gallus gallus e o efeito do pré-tratamento com dexametasona (0,5; 1,0 ou 2,0 mg/kg), indometacina (2,0; 4,0 ou 8,0 mg/kg), ou piroxicam (20,0; 40,0 ou 80,0 mg/kg), administrados por via oral, 30 minutos antes do estímulo lesivo. Observou-se que os máximos aumento de permeabilidade vascular e acúmulo de leucócitos ocorreram 150 min. e 4 h, após a aplicação do irritante, respectivamente. Os leucócitos polimorfonucleares foram o tipo celular predominante no exsudato após 2 e 4 h, equilibraram-se com as mononucleares após 24 h, predominando o último tipo celular após 48 h. O maior acúmulo de células polimorfo e mononucleares ocorreu após 4 h e 24 h, respectivamente. O pré-tratamento com indometacina ou piroxicam inibiu significativamente (p 0,05) o aumento de permeabilidade vascular mas não o acúmulo de leucócitos, 150 min. e 4 h após o estímulo lesivo, respectivamente. A dexametasona foi efetiva em reduzir significativamente (p 0,05) ambos os componentes. Os resultados sugerem que os eicosanóides participem ativamente dos fenômenos vasculares mas são de pouca relevância na quimiotaxia de leucócitos no processo inflamatório agudo induzido pela carragenina cm Gallus gallus. Os achados indicam que quando o efeito de drogas antiinflamatórias é consid